Goshawk Accipiter gentilis
Goshawks are a Schedule 1 species and therefore care must be taken when surveying to avoid disturbance of nesting birds and/or dependant young (refer to Schedule 1 section for further details). It is therefore recommended that surveys are only undertaken by experienced raptor surveyors with the necessary fieldcraft skills to know how to avoid causing disturbance when undertaking surveys.
As described in Hardey et al. (2013), goshawk are tree nesting raptors, and typically breed in large mature forests. However, they can also breed in smaller woodlands (20-50 ha) and even in wooded parks in some central European cities. Their breeding range can be found on the British Trust for Ornithology Bird Atlas Mapstore.
A survey method is described in Hardey et al. (2013). However, this survey method includes a fourth visits to check for fledging success. Therefore, it may be appropriate to reduce the number of visits, or focus the visits on the earlier part of the breeding season, if the survey has an alternative aim, such as determining goshawk nesting presence or absence, which could potentially be determined in fewer visits and at lower risk of disturbance.
The survey method is described in detail in Hardey et al. (2013) and that reference should be read prior to undertaking goshawk surveys (this can be accessed here). However, a summary is provided here.
Visit Schedule
Four visits carried out during daylight hours:
- Visit 1: March to April. Survey to check for occupancy and (until mid-March) the presence of new nests. Involves searches of suitable areas for signs of presence, such as nests, signs of plucking and faeces splashing. Survey can also involve scanning suitable areas of woodland for displaying birds, from a suitable vantage point to check for territories (i.e. whether Goshawks are present and occupying a territory);
- Visit 2: Late April to May. Targeted brief visits to known nests to check for activity (visits to known nests should take no more than 5-10 minutes). N.B. Searches for new nests should wait until visit 3 when young are likely to have hatched;
- Visit 3: June to early July. To check for young at known nests and/or search for additional active nests;
- Visit 4: Late July to early August. Survey to check for fledged young (large young at least 30 days old, either still on the nest or on nearby branches).
References
Hardey, J., Crick, H., Wernham, C., Riley, H., Etheridge, B. and Thompson, D (2013) Raptors: A Field Guide for Surveys and Monitoring (Third Edition). Scottish Natural Heritage: Edinburgh.